Prevenção da síndrome pós-internamento familiar: intervenções de enfermagem
DOI:
10.24276/rrecien2025.15.43.457Palavras-chave:
Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos, FamíliaResumo
A Síndrome Pós Internamento em Cuidados Intensivos (SPICI) nos familiares de doentes críticos (SPICI-F), associando-se a elevados níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stress pós-traumático. Intervenções de enfermagem direcionadas à família podem contribuir para mitigar este impacto. Identificar e analisar intervenções de enfermagem implementadas para prevenir a SPICI em familiares de doentes internados em unidades de cuidados intensivos. Revisão integrativa da literatura, seguindo as orientações do Joanna Brigs Institute. A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete e COCHRANE em junho de 2024. Incluídos estudos primários publicados entre 2019 e 2024, selecionados segundo as diretrizes PRISMA. Incluídos 10 estudos primários. As intervenções de enfermagem identificadas agruparam-se em quatro categorias: promoção da comunicação eficaz e do contacto contínuo; estimulação sensorial e suporte emocional durante o internamento; utilização de diários em cuidados intensivos; e programas de follow-up e suporte pós-alta. Estas intervenções demonstraram potencial para reduzir o sofrimento psicológico dos familiares. As intervenções de enfermagem centradas na família revelam-se fundamentais para prevenir a SPICI-F.
Descritores: Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos, Família.
Prevention of family post-hospitalization syndrome: nursing interventions
Abstract: Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in family members (PICS-F) of critically ill patients is associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Family-focused nursing interventions may help mitigate this impact. To identify and analyse nursing interventions implemented to prevent PICS-F in relatives of patients admitted to intensive care units. An integrative literature review was conducted, following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The search was performed in the MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete, and COCHRANE databases in June 2024. Primary studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included and selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Ten primary studies were included. The nursing interventions identified were grouped into four categories: promoting effective communication and continuous contact; sensory stimulation and emotional support during admission; intensive care diaries; and follow-up and post-discharge support programmes. These interventions showed potential in reducing psychological distress in family members. Family-centred nursing interventions are essential in preventing PICS-F.
Descriptors: Critical Care Nursing, Intensive Care Units, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Family.
Prevención del síndrome posthospitalario familiar: intervenciones de enfermería
Resumen: El Síndrome Post-UCI en familiares (PICS-F) de pacientes críticos se asocia con altos niveles de ansiedad, depresión y estrés postraumático. Las intervenciones de enfermería centradas en la familia pueden contribuir a mitigar este impacto. Identificar y analizar las intervenciones de enfermería implementadas para prevenir el PICS-F en familiares de pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, siguiendo las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete y COCHRANE en junio de 2024. Se incluyeron estudios primarios publicados entre 2019 y 2024, seleccionados según las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron diez estudios primarios. Las intervenciones de enfermería identificadas se agruparon en cuatro categorías: promoción de la comunicación eficaz y del contacto continuo; estimulación sensorial y apoyo emocional durante el ingreso; uso de diarios en cuidados intensivos; y programas de seguimiento y apoyo tras el alta. Estas intervenciones demostraron potencial para reducir el malestar psicológico de los familiares. Las intervenciones de enfermería centradas en la familia resultan fundamentales para prevenir el PICS-F.
Descriptores: Enfermería de Cuidados Críticos, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático, Familia.
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